Predictive Monitoring of Multi-level Processes

Infosüsteemide laialdane kasutamine järjest rohkemates valdkondades tekitab aina suuremaid salvestatavaid andmemahte. Organisatsioonide ja äride efektiivsuse kasvuga tekib suurem vajadus leida alternatiivseid viise konkurentsieelisteks. Järjest rohkem hakatakse antud infoajastul otsima ärilist väärtust andmetest. Protsessikaeve meetodeid kasutades üritatakse justnimelt seda teha, kuid äriprotsesside arenedes muutuvad keerukamaks ka andmed, mis neid protsesse kirjeldavad. Hetkel keskendutakse protsessikaeve uurimustes protsessidele, mida on võimalik väljendada järjestikkuste sündmuste jadana. Käesolevas magistritöös esitatakse uudne lähenemine äriprotsesside ennustava seire rakendamiseks mitmetasandilistele äriprotsessidele, mis sisaldavad paralleelseid alamprotsesse ning mida pole võimalik sündmuste järjendina väljendada. Väljapakutud meetodi suutlikkuse hindamiseks rakendatakse antud meetodit elulisel andmestikul telekommunikatsiooni tegevusalalt. Tulemusi võrreldakse lähenemisega, mida kasutatakse ühetasandiliste äriprotsesside ennustavaks seireks.The ever increasing use of Information Systems causes ever more information to be stored. As organizations and businesses become more efficient due to competition they need to gain competitive advantage over others. More and more companies and institutions have turned to Information Technology to find business value in a data-driven world. Modern Information Systems maintain records of process events, which correspond to real-life activities. As processes evolve and become more complex, so does the information that reflects them. In this thesis, we propose an approach to predictive monitoring of complex multi-level processes. In this context, a multi-level process consists of a high-level parent process which spawns multiple low-level subprocesses, which have their own life cycle and run independently of one another. The author proposes constructs called milestones, which include both parent- and subprocesses and are used for the predictive monitoring classification task. This approach has been validated on a real-life event log of the business-to-business change management process in place at Baltic's largest telecommunications company Telia Estonia

Comparison of Native Web Services of the Most Common Relational Database Management Systems

Veebiteenused on XML-keelel (Extensible Markup Language – laiendatav märgistuskeel) põhinevad tehnoloogiad, tänu millele on võimalik erinevates programmeerimiskeeltes implementeeritud tarkvaral hajusalt paigutatud arvutisüsteemides suhelda. Selliseid teenuseid kasutatakse erinevate ressursside kättesaadavaks tegemisel ning tihtipeale on teenustega seotud andmed, mida hoitakse andmebaasis. Tavapäraselt implementeeritakse veebiteenuseid rakendusserveril, mis on andmebaasiga ühenduses. Käesolev töö käsitleb veebiteenuste loomist, kasutades selleks andmebaasisüsteemidesse sisseehitatud võimalusi, mis võimaldavad andmebaasis olevat infot veebis kättesaadavaks teha. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks on pakkuda ülevaade kolme andmebaasisüsteemi Sybase SQL Anywhere 11, Oracle Database 11g ja Microsoft SQL Server 2008 poolt pakutavatest, SOAP-protokollil (Simple Object Access Protocol – lihtne objektipöördus-protokoll) põhinevate, veebiteenuste loomise võimalustest. Iga vastava süsteemi puhul tuuakse välja üleüldine kirjeldus veebiteenuste loomise kohta ning võrreldakse konkreetset süsteemi teistega, vastavalt väljatoodud võrdluse metoodikale. Võrdluse toetamiseks realiseeritakse iga andmebaasisüsteemiga sama funktsionaalsusega testrakendus kolme erinevat tüüpi veebiteenusega. Veebiteenuste realiseerimisele ning autori arvamusele põhinedes anti hinnang erinevatele aspektidele. Võrdluse tulemusena leiti, et parim võrdluses osalenud andmebaasisüsteem veebiteenuste loomiseks on Microsoft SQL Server tänu suurepärasele dokumentatsioonile, silmapaistvale funktsionaalsusele ja turvalisusele. Teised kaks süsteemi said võrdse hinnangu, kuid SQL Anywhere puudusteks on võrreldavatega halb turvalisus ning Oracle Database 11g ei võimalda veebiteenuste üle piisavat kontrolli. Testrakendust luues implementeeriti erinevat tüüpi veebiteenused kõigil kolmel andmebaasisüsteemil ning toodi töös välja käsud, millega teenuseid loodi. Töö lisana on toodud kõikide teenuste agentide WSDL-dokumendid ning funktsionaalsuse testimiseks lõpp-punktidele saadetud SOAP-päringud ja vastusena saadud SOAP-vastused. Autori hinnangul on antud töös käsitletud veebiteenuste loomise meetod väga kasutajasõbralik ning ei nõua palju valdkonnaspetsiifilisi teadmisi. Looja peab omama põhilisi teadmisi andmebaaside loomisest ning käskudest, millega luuakse protseduure ja funktsioone, mida tahetakse läbi veebiteenuse kättesaadavaks teha. Kindlasti on tähtis keskenduda turvalisuse tagamisele, sest teenuste lõpp-punktid võivad endaga kaasa tuua turvaauke.Web services are a set of XML based technologies, which provide communication, discovery and description of implemented services for distributed resources. As opposed to the traditional way of developing web services on an application server, this paper focuses on web services that can be created using a relational database management system. The paper gives a short introduction to web services and compares three management systems, which are Sybase SQL Anywhere 11, Oracle Database 11g and Microsoft SQL Server 2008. In addition to giving a brief overview of what functionality each compared system is providing in terms of web services deployment, the author evaluates each one according to the presented criteria. In order to support the evaluation and comparison, a test application which consists of the three different web services is implemented with each comparable system. The services are for sending ad hoc SQL statements, running a stored procedure and running a procedure with an argument. The results of the comparison suggest that the best tool for creating native database web services is Microsoft SQL Server, thanks to its helpful and well-written documentation, best functionality of the comparison and security measurements. Oracle Database and SQL Anywhere received the same amount of points, but as pointed out, Oracle is the easiest to work with, but does not have a detailed documentation. Also the web services created with Oracle Database cannot be configured in a desired way. The documentation for SQL Anywhere web services is meaningful, with well described examples, but service endpoints lack in security measurements and are in some ways more time-consuming to create. In conclusion database web services provide an easy way to deploy database functionality on the web, although the creators of such services must realise the security risks that may occur

Increased expression of DC-SIGN(+)IL-12(+)IL-18(+) and CD83(+)IL-12(-)IL-18(-) dendritic cell populations in the colonic mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease

Dentritic cells (DC) as antigen-presenting cells are most likely responsible for regulation of abnormal T cell activation in Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. We have analyzed the expression of activation and maturation markers on DC in the colon mucosa from patients with CD compared with normal colon, using immunohistochemical techniques. We found two distinct populations of DC present in CD patients: a DC-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN)(+) population that was present scattered throughout the mucosa, and a CD83(+) population that was present in aggregated lymphoid nodules and as single cells in the lamina propria. In normal colon the number of DC-SIGN(+) DC was lower and CD83(+) DC were detected only in very few solitary lymphoid nodules. Co-expression of activation markers and cytokine synthesis was analyzed with three-color confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. CD80 expression was enhanced on the majority of DC-SIGN(+) DC in CID patients, whereas only a proportion of the CD83(+) DC co-expressed CD80 in CID as well as in normal tissue. Surprisingly, IL-12 and IL-18 were only detected in DC-SIGN(+) DC and not in CD83(+) DC. A similar pattern of cytokine production was observed in normal colon albeit to a much lesser extent. The characteristics of these in-situ-differentiated DC markedly differ from the in-vitro-generated DC that simultaneously express DC-SIGN, CD83 and cytokine